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Bibliografia

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Bibliografia statement

3. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il livello di massa ossea valutata come BMD T-Score è un parametro da utilizzare come target terapeutico
  1. T Thomas , E Casado , P Geusens , W F Lems , J Timoshanko , D Taylor , L C Hofbau. Is a treat-to-target strategy in osteoporosis applicable in clinical practice? Consensus among a panel of European experts Osteoporos Int. 2020 Dec;31(12):2303-2311.doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05569-9.
  2. Eastell R, Vittinghoff E, Lui LY, McCulloch CE, Pavo I, Chines A, Khosla S, Cauley JA, Mitlak B, Bauer DC, Bouxsein M, Black DM. Validation of the Surrogate Threshold Effect for 2.Change in Bone Mineral Density as a Surrogate Endpoint for Fracture Outcomes: The FNIH-ASBMR SABRE Project.. J Bone Miner Res. 2022 Jan;37(1):29-35. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4433
  3. Black DM, Bauer DC, Vittinghoff E, Lui LY, Grauer A, Marin F, Khosla S, de Papp A, Mitlak B, Cauley JA, McCulloch CE, Eastell R, Bouxsein ML; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Bone Quality Project. Treatment-related changes in bone mineral density as a surrogate biomarker for fracture risk reduction: meta-regression analyses of individual patient data from multiple randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Aug;8(8):672-682. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30159-5
  4. Cummings SR, Cosman F, Eastell R, Reid IR, Mehta M, Lewiecki EM.Goal-directed treatment of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(3):433–8.
  5. Leslie WD, Morin SN, Martineau P, Bryanton M, Lix LM.Factors Associated With Bone Density Monitoring While on Antiosteoporosis Treatment in Routine Clinical Practice: A Registry-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Densitom. 2020 Oct-Dec;23(4):568-575. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 Mar 21. PMID: 31003744
4. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score da raggiungere è >-2.5
  1. Cummings SR, Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Schousboe JT, Bauer DC, Black DM, Brown TD, Cheung AM, Cody K, Cooper C, Diez-Perez A, Eastell R, Hadji P, Hosoi T, Jan De Beur S, Kagan R, Kiel DP, Reid IR, Solomon DH, Randall S. Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis: A Progress Report From the ASBMR-NOF Working Group on Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jan;32(1):3-10. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3039. PMID: 27864889
  2. Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Eastell R, Ebeling PR, Jan De Beur S, Langdahl B, Rhee Y, Fuleihan GE, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Borges JL, Cheung AM, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Tanaka S, Thomasius F, Xia W, Cummings SR. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 26;39(10):1393-1405. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae119.PMID: 39073912
  3. Lewiecki EM. Operationalizing Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021 Apr;36(2):270-278. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.970. PMID: 33761232
  4. LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG, Singer AJ, Siris ES. The clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Oct;33(10):2049-2102. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y. PMID: 35478046
  5. Cosman F, Wang Z, Li X, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment goals with denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):766-772. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf014. PMID: 39861972
  6. Cosman F, Mitlak BH, Wang Y, Pearman L, Moreira CA, Lewiecki EM, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment targets with abaloparatide and teriparatide. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):773-778. doi:
  7. Cosman F, Oates M, Betah D, Timoshanko J, Wang Z, Ferrari S, McClung MR. Romosozumab followed by denosumab versus denosumab only: a post hoc analysis of FRAME and FRAME extension. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 2;39(9):1268-1277. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae116.PMID: 39041711
  8. Lewiecki EM, Kendler DL, Davison KS, Hanley DA, Harris ST, McClung MR, Miller PD. Western Osteoporosis Alliance Clinical Practice Series: Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Am J Med. 2019 Nov;132(11):e771-e777. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.044. PMID: 31152714
  9. Händel MN, Cardoso I, von Bülow C, Rohde JF, Ussing A, Nielsen SM, Christensen R, Body JJ, Brandi ML, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Javaid MK, Lems WF, Nogues X, Roux C, Minisola S, Kurth A, Thomas T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ferrari SL, Langdahl B, Abrahamsen B. Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ. 2023 May 2;381:e068033. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068033.PMID: 37130601
  10. Han YX, Mo YY, Wu HX, Iqbal J, Cai JM, Li L, Bu YH, Xiao F, Jiang HL, Wen Y, Zhou HD. Safety and efficacy of sequential treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Jan 23;68:102425. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102425. eCollection 2024 Feb.PMID: 38312239
6. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score da raggiungere è >-1
  1. Cummings SR, Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Schousboe JT, Bauer DC, Black DM, Brown TD, Cheung AM, Cody K, Cooper C, Diez-Perez A, Eastell R, Hadji P, Hosoi T, Jan De Beur S, Kagan R, Kiel DP, Reid IR, Solomon DH, Randall S. Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis: A Progress Report From the ASBMR-NOF Working Group on Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jan;32(1):3-10. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3039. PMID: 27864889
  2. Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Eastell R, Ebeling PR, Jan De Beur S, Langdahl B, Rhee Y, Fuleihan GE, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Borges JL, Cheung AM, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Tanaka S, Thomasius F, Xia W, Cummings SR. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 26;39(10):1393-1405. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae119.PMID: 39073912
  3. Lewiecki EM. Operationalizing Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021 Apr;36(2):270-278. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.970. PMID: 33761232
  4. LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG, Singer AJ, Siris ES. The clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Oct;33(10):2049-2102. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y. PMID: 35478046
  5. Cosman F, Wang Z, Li X, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment goals with denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):766-772. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf014. PMID: 39861972
  6. Cosman F, Mitlak BH, Wang Y, Pearman L, Moreira CA, Lewiecki EM, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment targets with abaloparatide and teriparatide. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):773-778. doi:
  7. Cosman F, Oates M, Betah D, Timoshanko J, Wang Z, Ferrari S, McClung MR. Romosozumab followed by denosumab versus denosumab only: a post hoc analysis of FRAME and FRAME extension. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 2;39(9):1268-1277. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae116.PMID: 39041711
  8. Lewiecki EM, Kendler DL, Davison KS, Hanley DA, Harris ST, McClung MR, Miller PD. Western Osteoporosis Alliance Clinical Practice Series: Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Am J Med. 2019 Nov;132(11):e771-e777. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.044. PMID: 31152714
  9. Händel MN, Cardoso I, von Bülow C, Rohde JF, Ussing A, Nielsen SM, Christensen R, Body JJ, Brandi ML, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Javaid MK, Lems WF, Nogues X, Roux C, Minisola S, Kurth A, Thomas T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ferrari SL, Langdahl B, Abrahamsen B. Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ. 2023 May 2;381:e068033. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068033.PMID: 37130601
  10. Han YX, Mo YY, Wu HX, Iqbal J, Cai JM, Li L, Bu YH, Xiao F, Jiang HL, Wen Y, Zhou HD. Safety and efficacy of sequential treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Jan 23;68:102425. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102425. eCollection 2024 Feb.PMID: 38312239
7. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score può essere raggiunto indifferentemente alla colonna o al femore
10. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score può essere diverso in base al rischio iniziale del paziente
  1. Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Eastell R, Ebeling PR, Jan De Beur S, Langdahl B, RheeY, Fuleihan GE, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Borges JL, Cheung AM, Diez-Perez A, Hadji, P, Tanaka S, Thomasius F, Xia W, Cummings SR. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep26;39(10):1393-1405. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae119.PMID: 39073912

  2. Cosman F, Wang Z, Li X, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment goals with denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2025, 40, 766–772. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf053.PMID: 40214193

  3. Ferrari S, Libanati C, Lin CJF, Brown JP, Cosman F, Czerwiński E, de Gregόrio LH, Malouf-Sierra J, Reginster JY, Wang A, Wagman RB, Lewiecki EM. Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density T-Score and Nonvertebral Fracture Risk Over 10 Years of Denosumab Treatment. J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Jun;34(6):1033-1040. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3722. Epub 2019 May 29.PMID: 30919997

  4. McCloskey E, Tan ATH, Schini M. Update on fracture risk assessment in osteoporosis. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2024 Aug 1;31(4):141-148. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000871

  5. Identification and management of patients at increased risk of osteoporotic fracture: outcomes of an ESCEO expert consensus meeting. Osteoporos Int 2017 Jul;28(7):2023-2034. doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4009-0. PMID: 28451733

  6. Leslie WD, Morin SN, Martineau P, Bryanton M, Lix LM.Factors Associated With Bone Density Monitoring While on Antiosteoporosis Treatment in Routine Clinical Practice: A Registry-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Densitom. 2020 Oct-Dec;23(4):568-575. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.03.006. PMID: 31003744

  7. Leslie WD, Burrel S, Morin SN. Fracture Risk Assessment in the 2023 Osteoporosis Canada Guideline. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2025 Aug;76(3):508-518. doi: 10.1177/08465371241307945. PMID: 39797546

  8. McClung MR, Betah D, Deignan C, Shi Y, Timoshanko J, Cosman F. Romosozumab Efficacy in Postmenopausal Women With No Prior Fracture Who Fulfill Criteria for Very High Fracture Risk. Endocr Pract. 2023 Sep;29(9):716-722. doi: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.06.011.

  9. Adami G, Biffi A, Porcu G, Ronco R, Alvaro R, Bogini R, Caputi AP, Cianferotti L, Frediani B, Gatti D, Gonnelli S, Iolascon G, Lenzi A, Leone S, Migliaccio S, Nicoletti T, Paoletta M, Pennini A, Piccirilli E, Tarantino U, Brandi ML, Corrao G, Rossini M, Michieli R. A systematic review on the performance of fracture risk assessment tools: FRAX, DeFRA, FRA-H. J Endocrinol Invest. 2023 Nov;46(11):2287-2297. doi: 10.1007/s40618-023-02082-8.PMID: 37031450

  10. Leslie WD, Majumdar SR, Lix LM, Morin SN, Johansson H, Odén A, McCloskey EV, Kanis JA. Can change in FRAX score be used to “treat to target”? A population‐based cohort study. J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(5):1074-8. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2151.PMID: 24877235

11. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score è diverso per le diverse età della paziente
12. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il limite temporale per raggiungere il target di BMD T-score con la terapia è di circa 36 mesi
13. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi è necessario programmare una sequenza farmacologica specifica per raggiungere il target in tempi adeguati (entro 3-4 anni).
  1. Shenghan L, Houchen L, Guoqi W, Zhirui L, Ming L, Licheng Z, Peifu T. The effect of sequential therapy for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Dec;95(49):e5496.doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005496.

  2. Shoback D, Rosen CJ, Black DM, Cheung AM, M. Murad H, Eastell R. Pharmacological Management of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: An Endocrine Society Guideline Update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Mar 1;105(3): dgaa048. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa048.PMID: 32068863

  3. Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Eastell R, Ebeling PR, Jan De Beur S, Langdahl B, Rhee Y, Fuleihan GE, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Borges JL, Cheung AM, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Tanaka S, Thomasius F, Xia W, Cummings SR. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024. J Bone Miner Res. 2024. Sep 26;39(10):1393-1405. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae119

  4. Cosman F, Libanati C, Deignan, Zhigang Yu C, Wang Z, Ferrari S, Beck Jensen J-E, Peris P, Bertoldo F, Lespessailles E, Hesse E, Cummings SR. Romosozumab Followed by Antiresorptive Treatment Increases the Probability of Achieving Bone Mineral Density Treatment Goals. JBMR®Plus. 2021 Oct 6;5(11):e10546. doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10546.

  5. Fassio A, Gatti D, Biffi, Ronco R, Porcu G, Adami G, Alvaro R, Bogini R, Caputi AP, Cianferotti L, Frediani B, Gonnelli S, Iolascon G, Lenzi A, Leone S, Michieli R, Migliaccio S, Nicoletti T, Paoletta M, Pennini A, Piccirilli E, Rossini M, Branci ML; Corrao G, Tarantino U. The sequential antifraacturative treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2024 Apr 23:16:doi: 10.1177/1759720X241234584

  6. Ramchand SK, and Leder BZ. Sequential Therapy for the Long-Term Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024 Jan 18;109(2):303-311.doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad49

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