Bibliografia
METODO DELPHI
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Bibliografia statement
1. La terapia dell’osteoporosi postmenopausale come per tutte le malattie croniche necessita di un target definito per determinare il grado di risposta al trattamento (outcome)
- Lewiecki EM, Cummings SR, Cosman F. Treat-to-target for osteoporosis: is now the time? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(3):946–53.
- Cummings SR, Cosman F, Eastell R, Reid IR, Mehta M, Lewiecki EM. Goal-directed treatment of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2013; 28(3):433–8.
- Adler RA, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Bauer DC, et al. Managing osteoporosis in patients on long-term bisphosphonate treatment: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res. 2016;31(1):16–35.
- Cosman F, Cauley JA, Eastell R, et al. Reassessment of fracture risk in women after 3 years of treatment with zoledronic acid: when is it reasonable to discontinue treatment? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99(12):4546–54.
- Nogués X, Nolla JM, Casado E, Jódar E, Muñoz-Torres M, Quesada-Gómez JM, Canals L, Balcells M, Lizán L Spanish consensus on treat to target for osteoporosis.. Osteoporos Int. 2018 Feb;29(2):489-499. doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4310-y. Epub 2017 Nov 24. PMID: 29177559
2. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi l’outcome è la riduzione del rischio di frattura a 3 anni
- Cosman F, Cauley JA, Eastell R, et al. Reassessment of fracture risk inwomen after 3 years of treatment with zoledronic acid: when is it reasonable to discontinue treatment? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99(12):4546–54. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024.
- Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Eastell R, Ebeling PR, Jan De Beur S, Langdahl B, Rhee Y, Fuleihan GE, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Borges JL, Cheung AM, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Tanaka S, Thomasius F, Xia W, Cummings SR. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 26;39(10):1393-1405.
- Diez-Perez A, Adachi JD, Adami S, et al. Risk factors for treatment failure with antiosteoporosis medication: the Global Longitudinal Study of Osteoporosis in Women (GLOW). J Bone Miner Res. 2014;29(1):260–7.
3. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il livello di massa ossea valutata come BMD T-Score è un parametro da utilizzare come target terapeutico
- T Thomas , E Casado , P Geusens , W F Lems , J Timoshanko , D Taylor , L C Hofbau. Is a treat-to-target strategy in osteoporosis applicable in clinical practice? Consensus among a panel of European experts Osteoporos Int. 2020 Dec;31(12):2303-2311.doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05569-9.
- Eastell R, Vittinghoff E, Lui LY, McCulloch CE, Pavo I, Chines A, Khosla S, Cauley JA, Mitlak B, Bauer DC, Bouxsein M, Black DM. Validation of the Surrogate Threshold Effect for 2.Change in Bone Mineral Density as a Surrogate Endpoint for Fracture Outcomes: The FNIH-ASBMR SABRE Project.. J Bone Miner Res. 2022 Jan;37(1):29-35. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4433
- Black DM, Bauer DC, Vittinghoff E, Lui LY, Grauer A, Marin F, Khosla S, de Papp A, Mitlak B, Cauley JA, McCulloch CE, Eastell R, Bouxsein ML; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Bone Quality Project. Treatment-related changes in bone mineral density as a surrogate biomarker for fracture risk reduction: meta-regression analyses of individual patient data from multiple randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Aug;8(8):672-682. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30159-5
- Cummings SR, Cosman F, Eastell R, Reid IR, Mehta M, Lewiecki EM.Goal-directed treatment of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(3):433–8.
- Leslie WD, Morin SN, Martineau P, Bryanton M, Lix LM.Factors Associated With Bone Density Monitoring While on Antiosteoporosis Treatment in Routine Clinical Practice: A Registry-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Densitom. 2020 Oct-Dec;23(4):568-575. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2019.03.006. Epub 2019 Mar 21. PMID: 31003744
4. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score da raggiungere è >-2.5
- Cummings SR, Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Schousboe JT, Bauer DC, Black DM, Brown TD, Cheung AM, Cody K, Cooper C, Diez-Perez A, Eastell R, Hadji P, Hosoi T, Jan De Beur S, Kagan R, Kiel DP, Reid IR, Solomon DH, Randall S. Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis: A Progress Report From the ASBMR-NOF Working Group on Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jan;32(1):3-10. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3039. PMID: 27864889
- Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Eastell R, Ebeling PR, Jan De Beur S, Langdahl B, Rhee Y, Fuleihan GE, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Borges JL, Cheung AM, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Tanaka S, Thomasius F, Xia W, Cummings SR. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 26;39(10):1393-1405. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae119.PMID: 39073912
- Lewiecki EM. Operationalizing Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021 Apr;36(2):270-278. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.970. PMID: 33761232
- LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG, Singer AJ, Siris ES. The clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Oct;33(10):2049-2102. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y. PMID: 35478046
- Cosman F, Wang Z, Li X, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment goals with denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):766-772. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf014. PMID: 39861972
- Cosman F, Mitlak BH, Wang Y, Pearman L, Moreira CA, Lewiecki EM, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment targets with abaloparatide and teriparatide. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):773-778. doi:
- Cosman F, Oates M, Betah D, Timoshanko J, Wang Z, Ferrari S, McClung MR. Romosozumab followed by denosumab versus denosumab only: a post hoc analysis of FRAME and FRAME extension. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 2;39(9):1268-1277. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae116.PMID: 39041711
- Lewiecki EM, Kendler DL, Davison KS, Hanley DA, Harris ST, McClung MR, Miller PD. Western Osteoporosis Alliance Clinical Practice Series: Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Am J Med. 2019 Nov;132(11):e771-e777. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.044. PMID: 31152714
- Händel MN, Cardoso I, von Bülow C, Rohde JF, Ussing A, Nielsen SM, Christensen R, Body JJ, Brandi ML, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Javaid MK, Lems WF, Nogues X, Roux C, Minisola S, Kurth A, Thomas T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ferrari SL, Langdahl B, Abrahamsen B. Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ. 2023 May 2;381:e068033. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068033.PMID: 37130601
- Han YX, Mo YY, Wu HX, Iqbal J, Cai JM, Li L, Bu YH, Xiao F, Jiang HL, Wen Y, Zhou HD. Safety and efficacy of sequential treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Jan 23;68:102425. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102425. eCollection 2024 Feb.PMID: 38312239
5. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score da raggiungere è >-2.0
- Ferrari S, Libanati C, Lin CJF, Brown JP, Cosman F, Czerwiński E, de Gregόrio LH, Malouf-Sierra J, Reginster JY, Wang A, Wagman RB, Lewiecki EM. Relationship Between Bone Mineral Density T-Score and Nonvertebral Fracture Risk Over 10 Years of Denosumab Treatment. J Bone Miner Res. 2019 Jun;34(6):1033-1040. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3722. PMID: 30919997
- Reid IR, McClung MR. Osteopenia: a key target for fracture prevention. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2024 Nov;12(11):856-864. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00225-0. PMID: 393264283.
- Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Eastell R, Ebeling PR, Jan De Beur S, Langdahl B, Rhee Y, Fuleihan GE, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Borges JL, Cheung AM, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Tanaka S, Thomasius F, Xia W, Cummings SR. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 26;39(10):1393-1405. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae119.PMID: 39073912
6. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score da raggiungere è >-1
- Cummings SR, Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Schousboe JT, Bauer DC, Black DM, Brown TD, Cheung AM, Cody K, Cooper C, Diez-Perez A, Eastell R, Hadji P, Hosoi T, Jan De Beur S, Kagan R, Kiel DP, Reid IR, Solomon DH, Randall S. Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis: A Progress Report From the ASBMR-NOF Working Group on Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jan;32(1):3-10. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3039. PMID: 27864889
- Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Eastell R, Ebeling PR, Jan De Beur S, Langdahl B, Rhee Y, Fuleihan GE, Kiel DP, Schousboe JT, Borges JL, Cheung AM, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Tanaka S, Thomasius F, Xia W, Cummings SR. Goal-directed osteoporosis treatment: ASBMR/BHOF task force position statement 2024. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 26;39(10):1393-1405. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae119.PMID: 39073912
- Lewiecki EM. Operationalizing Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021 Apr;36(2):270-278. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.970. PMID: 33761232
- LeBoff MS, Greenspan SL, Insogna KL, Lewiecki EM, Saag KG, Singer AJ, Siris ES. The clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Oct;33(10):2049-2102. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05900-y. PMID: 35478046
- Cosman F, Wang Z, Li X, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment goals with denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):766-772. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf014. PMID: 39861972
- Cosman F, Mitlak BH, Wang Y, Pearman L, Moreira CA, Lewiecki EM, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment targets with abaloparatide and teriparatide. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):773-778. doi:
- Cosman F, Oates M, Betah D, Timoshanko J, Wang Z, Ferrari S, McClung MR. Romosozumab followed by denosumab versus denosumab only: a post hoc analysis of FRAME and FRAME extension. J Bone Miner Res. 2024 Sep 2;39(9):1268-1277. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae116.PMID: 39041711
- Lewiecki EM, Kendler DL, Davison KS, Hanley DA, Harris ST, McClung MR, Miller PD. Western Osteoporosis Alliance Clinical Practice Series: Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. Am J Med. 2019 Nov;132(11):e771-e777. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.044. PMID: 31152714
- Händel MN, Cardoso I, von Bülow C, Rohde JF, Ussing A, Nielsen SM, Christensen R, Body JJ, Brandi ML, Diez-Perez A, Hadji P, Javaid MK, Lems WF, Nogues X, Roux C, Minisola S, Kurth A, Thomas T, Prieto-Alhambra D, Ferrari SL, Langdahl B, Abrahamsen B. Fracture risk reduction and safety by osteoporosis treatment compared with placebo or active comparator in postmenopausal women: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ. 2023 May 2;381:e068033. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2021-068033.PMID: 37130601
- Han YX, Mo YY, Wu HX, Iqbal J, Cai JM, Li L, Bu YH, Xiao F, Jiang HL, Wen Y, Zhou HD. Safety and efficacy of sequential treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Jan 23;68:102425. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102425. eCollection 2024 Feb.PMID: 38312239
7. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score può essere raggiunto indifferentemente alla colonna o al femore
8. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa una nuova frattura da fragilità in corso di terapia indica il non raggiungimento del target (a prescindere dal livello di T-score)
9. Poiché quasi il 50% delle fratture si verificano con valori di T-score nel range dell’osteopenia (tra -2.5 e -1 T-score) per queste pazienti va utilizzato come target la variazione percentuale di BMD (gr/cm2)
10. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score può essere diverso in base al rischio iniziale del paziente
11. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il target di BMD T-score è diverso per le diverse età della paziente
- Harvey NC, Kanis JA, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Cooper C, McCloskey E, Johansson H. Impact of population-based or targeted BMD interventions on fracture incidence. Osteoporos Int. 2021 Oct;32(10):1973-1979. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05917-3. PMID: 33758991
- Cummings SR, Cosman F, Lewiecki EM, Schousboe JT, Bauer DC, Black DM, Brown TD, Cheung AM, Cody K, Cooper C, Diez-Perez A, Eastell R, Hadji P, Takayuki Hosoi T, Jan De Beur S, Kagan R, Kiel DP, Reid IR, Solomon DH, Randall S. Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis: A Progress Report From the ASBMR-NOF Working Group on Goal-Directed Treatment for Osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2017 Jan;32(1):3-10. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3039. PMID: 27864889
- Reid IR, McClung RM. Osteopenia: a key target for fracture prevention. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024 Nov;12(11):856-864. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00225-0. PMID: 39326428
- McClung MR, Harvey NC, Fitzpatrick LA, Miller PD, Hattersley G, Wang Y, Cosman F. Effects of abaloparatide on bone mineral density and risk of fracture in postmenopausal women aged 80 years or older with osteoporosis. Menopause. 2018 Jul;25(7):767-771. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001080.PMID: 29462094
- Cosman F, Mitlak BH, Wang Y, Pearman L, Moreira CA, Lewiecki EM, Cummings SR. Probability of achieving bone mineral density treatment targets with abaloparatide and teriparatide. J Bone Miner Res. 2025 Jun 3;40(6):773-778. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf053.PMID: 40214193
12. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi il limite temporale per raggiungere il target di BMD T-score con la terapia è di circa 36 mesi
13. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi è necessario programmare una sequenza farmacologica specifica per raggiungere il target in tempi adeguati (entro 3-4 anni).
14. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi è necessario programmare un’associazione farmacologica specifica per raggiungere il target (in tempi adeguati)
15. Nelle donne in post‑menopausa con osteoporosi, una volta raggiunto il target desiderato, per mantenerlo si deve prevedere una terapia ed un follow up adeguato.
Materiale ad uso privato, non riproducibile.
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